Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in red blood cells (RBCs).   The normal hemoglobin range for men is 13.5 to 17.5 gm/dL and 12 to 15.5 gm/dL for women. It is of utmost importance to maintain hemoglobin concentration.  
What you need to know:

What functions does hemoglobin perform in our bodies?
What causes low hemoglobin? 
Symptoms of low hemoglobin 
What are the foods that can increase hemoglobin level? 
Tips to increase your hemoglobin levels

What functions does hemoglobin perform in our bodies? 
Hemoglobin is vital for carrying oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs. It also transports carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.
What causes low hemoglobin?

Some common causes of low hemoglobin are:

Substantial blood loss
Deficiency in iron, vitamin B, and folate
Kidney disease
Hypothyroidism
Thalassemia
Lung diseases
Excessive smoking

Any type of blood loss can cause anemia, including blood loss from surgery, heavy menstrual periods, and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. 
Symptoms of low hemoglobin
You can detect extremely low hemoglobin levels in your system in a few ways. They include

A fast or irregular heartbeat
Fatigue
Frequent or unexplained bruising
Shortness of breath
Liver and kidney disease
Pale skin and gums
Muscle weakness
Reoccurring headaches
Dizziness
Poor appetite
Anemia in severe cases

Elevated hemoglobin levels are associated with dehydration, heart failure, and chronic lung disease. In some conditions, the bone marrow may not produce enough RBCs, leading to cancers like leukemia, lymphoma, or tumors that spread from other parts of the body into the bone marrow.
What are the foods that can improve your hemoglobin levels?

It is essential to boost your food intake to raise your hemoglobin levels. Here are some foods to increase hemoglobin levels:

Iron-rich foods: Consume iron-rich foods like fish, meat, eggs, soy products, broccoli, green leafy vegetables that include spinach, fenugreek leaves, cauliflower, green peas, cabbage, green beans, nuts and seeds, and peanut butter, to increase your hemoglobin levels.
Vitamin A: It is pertinent to consume vitamin A foods to increase hemoglobin as they absorb more iron. Vitamin A and beta-carotene can help you there. Vitamin A is found in animal food sources, such as fish and liver. Beta-carotene is found in red, yellow, and orange fruits and vegetables.
Folate: Folate is a type of Vitamin B that plays an essential part in hemoglobin production. A shortage of folate can prevent the red blood cells from maturing, leading to anemia. Some good sources of folate include beef, rice, black-eyed peas, kidney beans, lettuce, and peanuts.
Foods rich in vitamin C: A combination of iron and vitamin C can prove to be beneficial. The latter is used for better absorption of iron. Foods rich in vitamin C include oranges, lemon, strawberries, papaya, bell peppers, broccoli, and tomatoes.
Fruits: It is also perfect to have fruits like beetroot, apple, watermelon, papaya, oranges, litchis, kiwis, strawberries, grapefruit, banana, and peach, which can boost hemoglobin levels. Plus, dry fruits, like dates, can increase the number of erythrocytes, thereby increasing hemoglobin levels. They contain iron, vitamin C, vitamin B complex, and folic acid, which helps in the formation of red blood cells. Raisins are also a rich source of iron and copper necessary to form red blood cells.

Avoid iron blockers: Foods that block your body’s ability to absorb iron, such as coffee, tea, alcohol, and aerated drinks, should be avoided.
Tips to increase your hemoglobin levels
Here are some tips to keep in mind to increase your hemoglobin levels:
Switch to brown rice: As a superfood, brown rice can help prevent various diseases related to cholesterol and the gastrointestinal system. It is rich in iron, containing 0.52 milligrams of iron for every 100 grams.
Enjoy dark chocolate: With over 80% of cocoa, dark chocolate naturally improves hemoglobin levels. Plus, it is loaded with minerals, nutrients and antioxidants.
Drink nettle tea: The spice nettle has also proven to be a good source of iron and vitamin B and C. They can also play a part in increasing hemoglobin levels.
 Exercise: Take up moderate to high-intensity exercise to help your body produce more hemoglobin to meet the oxygen demands of your body. 
Stay tuned to the Activ Living Community. Keep up to date with the latest health tips and trends through expert videos, podcasts, articles, and much more in nutrition, fitness, mindfulness, and lifestyle conditions like Asthma, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Diabetes.
 You may also be interested in the following blogs: 

10 Vegetarian Foods That Are Rich In Iron
Want to Add Iron Rich Foods to Add in Your Diet? Check Out These Iron Rich Foods. 

Department of Haematology
Notes

Full blood counts are performed on automated equipment and provide haemoglobin concentration, red cell indices, white cell count (with a differential count) and platelet count.
The presence of abnormal white cell and red cell morphology is flagged by the analysers.
Blood films may be inspected to confirm and interpret abnormalities identified by the cell counter, or to look for certain specific haematological abnormalities.
Grossly abnormal FBC results and abnormal blood films will be phoned through to the requestor.
There is no need to request a blood film to obtain a differential white count. It is, however, important that clinical details are provided to allow the laboratory to decide whether a blood film, in addition to the automated analysis, is required.
Under some circumstances a differential is not routinely performed, e.g. pre-op, post-op, antenatal and postnatal requests.
Full Blood Counts are performed at CGH and GRH
See also: Reticulocyte Count

The FBC comprises the following tests
Standard

Haemoglobin (Hb)
White Blood Count (WBC)
Platelet Count (Plt)
Red Cell Count (RBC)
Haematocrit (HCT)
Mean Cell Volume - Red cell (MCV)
Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH)

Differential White Cell Count (where applicable)

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

And if appropriate

Blood Film

Sample Requirements
2ml or 4ml EDTA sample or a Paediatric 1ml EDTA sample.

 

Sample Storage and Retention

Pre analysis storage: do not store, send to laboratory within 4 hours.
Sample retention by lab: EDTA samples are retained for a minimum of 48 hours at 2-10°C
Transport of samples may affect sample viability, i.e. FBC results will degenerate if exposed to high temperatures, such as prolonged transportation in a hot car in summer.

This test can be added on to a previous request as long as there is sufficient sample remaining and the sample is less than 24 hours old.
Turnaround Times

Clinical emergency: 30 mins
Other urgent sample: 60 mins
Routine: within 2 hours

Reference Ranges


If references ranges are required for paediatric patients please contact the laboratory for these.

Parameter Patient Reference Range Units Haemoglobin Adult Male 130 - 180 g/L   Adult Female 115 - 165 g/L Red Cell Count Adult Male 4.50 - 6.50 x10^12/L   Adult Female 3.80 - 5.80 x10^12/L Haematocrit Adult Male 0.40 - 0.54 L/L   Adult Female 0.37 - 0.47 L/L Mean Cell Volume Adult 80 - 100 fL Mean Cell Haemoglobin Adult 27 - 32 pg White Cell Count Adult 3.6 - 11.0 x10^9/L Neutrophils Adult 1.8 - 7.5 x10^9/L Lymphocytes Adult 1.0 - 4.0 x10^9/L Monocytes Adult 0.2 - 0.8 x10^9/L Eosinophils Adult 0.1 - 0.4 x10^9/L Basophils Adult 0.02 - 0.10 x10^9/L Platelet Count Adult 140 - 400 x10^9/L

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Here are some tips to keep in mind to increase your hemoglobin levels:
Switch to brown rice: As a superfood, brown rice can help prevent various diseases related to cholesterol and the gastrointestinal system. It is rich in iron, containing 0.52 milligrams of iron for every 100 grams.
Enjoy dark chocolate: With over 80% of cocoa, dark chocolate naturally improves hemoglobin levels. Plus, it is loaded with minerals, nutrients and antioxidants.
Drink nettle tea: The spice nettle has also proven to be a good source of iron and vitamin B and C. They can also play a part in increasing hemoglobin levels.
Exercise: Take up moderate to high-intensity exercise to help your body produce more hemoglobin to meet the oxygen demands of your body. 
Stay tuned to the Activ Living Community. Keep up to date with the latest health tips and trends through expert videos, podcasts, articles, and much more in nutrition, fitness, mindfulness, and lifestyle conditions like Asthma, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Diabetes.

 1. Quick Examples of Removing Trailing New Line  
These examples will give a high-level overview of methods for removing trailing new lines. We will go through each method in more detail along with examples.
  2. rstrip() Remove Trailing New Line in Python  
One of the simplest and most commonly used methods in Python to remove trailing new lines is to use the rstrip() method. This method removes any whitespace characters from the end of a string, which includes new lines. To remove a trailing newline from a string, simply call the rstrip() method on that string.
  3. String Slicing – Remove Trailing New Lines Characters 
Another simple way to remove trailing new lines in Python is to use string slicing. String slicing allows you to extract a portion of a string by specifying a range of indices. By specifying the start and end indices of the string, you can easily remove the trailing newline character. 
  4. strip() – Strip New Line Character  
The strip() method is a more general-purpose method for removing characters from the beginning and end of a string. It can be used to remove not only trailing new lines, but also any other specified characters.
  5. splitlines() – Split Newline and Join  
Though the splitlines() method is used for splitting a string into a list of lines. It can also be used to remove trailing new lines by splitting a string into lines and then rejoining them without the newline character.
So basically we will first split the string by new lines and then we will use the join() method to join the string. So this new string will contain no new lines character.

Department of Haematology
Notes

Full blood counts are performed on automated equipment and provide haemoglobin concentration, red cell indices, white cell count (with a differential count) and platelet count.
The presence of abnormal white cell and red cell morphology is flagged by the analysers.
Blood films may be inspected to confirm and interpret abnormalities identified by the cell counter, or to look for certain specific haematological abnormalities.
Grossly abnormal FBC results and abnormal blood films will be phoned through to the requestor.
There is no need to request a blood film to obtain a differential white count. It is, however, important that clinical details are provided to allow the laboratory to decide whether a blood film, in addition to the automated analysis, is required.
Under some circumstances a differential is not routinely performed, e.g. pre-op, post-op, antenatal and postnatal requests.
Full Blood Counts are performed at CGH and GRH
See also: Reticulocyte Count

The FBC comprises the following tests
Standard

Haemoglobin (Hb)
White Blood Count (WBC)
Platelet Count (Plt)
Red Cell Count (RBC)
Haematocrit (HCT)
Mean Cell Volume - Red cell (MCV)
Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH)

Differential White Cell Count (where applicable)

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

And if appropriate

Blood Film

Sample Requirements
2ml or 4ml EDTA sample or a Paediatric 1ml EDTA sample.

 

Sample Storage and Retention

Pre analysis storage: do not store, send to laboratory within 4 hours.
Sample retention by lab: EDTA samples are retained for a minimum of 48 hours at 2-10°C
Transport of samples may affect sample viability, i.e. FBC results will degenerate if exposed to high temperatures, such as prolonged transportation in a hot car in summer.

This test can be added on to a previous request as long as there is sufficient sample remaining and the sample is less than 24 hours old.
Turnaround Times

Clinical emergency: 30 mins
Other urgent sample: 60 mins
Routine: within 2 hours

Reference Ranges


If references ranges are required for paediatric patients please contact the laboratory for these.

Parameter Patient Reference Range Units Haemoglobin Adult Male 130 - 180 g/L   Adult Female 115 - 165 g/L Red Cell Count Adult Male 4.50 - 6.50 x10^12/L   Adult Female 3.80 - 5.80 x10^12/L Haematocrit Adult Male 0.40 - 0.54 L/L   Adult Female 0.37 - 0.47 L/L Mean Cell Volume Adult 80 - 100 fL Mean Cell Haemoglobin Adult 27 - 32 pg White Cell Count Adult 3.6 - 11.0 x10^9/L Neutrophils Adult 1.8 - 7.5 x10^9/L Lymphocytes Adult 1.0 - 4.0 x10^9/L Monocytes Adult 0.2 - 0.8 x10^9/L Eosinophils Adult 0.1 - 0.4 x10^9/L Basophils Adult 0.02 - 0.10 x10^9/L Platelet Count Adult 140 - 400 x10^9/L

Digital Collaborative Learning for the 21st Century 2.0 (Learning Community for AY2023-2024)

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161013103134.htm

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a very common condition diagnosed mainly in children. 
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 6.4 million children between four and 17 years of age have been diagnosed with ADHD as of 2011.

This primer is designed to help you understand ADHD at a deeper level and combat misconceptions. 

Fact: An ADHD diagnosis requires observations of numerous symptoms in multiple settings and evidence of significant impairment.

Children are inherently energetic, sometimes even rowdy. If unruly behavior is the only symptom, then it’s difficult for a professional to say that their problem is truly a mental illness.

“ADHD is a real mental disorder. There are a myriad of reasons why children are inattentive, such as anxiety or inadequate sleep, but a child with attention-deficit disorder (ADD) or ADHD does have a condition. Diagnosis will require observations of numerous symptoms in multiple settings and evidence of significant impairment.” - Joshua Cabrera, MD, clinical psychiatrist and assistant professor at the Texas A&M College of Medicine.

The main symptoms of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. 

These can manifest in different ways: persistent fidgeting, being easily distracted or forgetful and difficulty waiting for a turn.