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Posted on: Software testing
Importance of Software Testing
It’s common for many startups to skip testing. They might say that their budget is the reason why they overlook such an important step. They think it would lead to no major consequences. But to make a strong and positive first impression, it needs to be top-notch. And for that, testing the product for bugs is a must.
To really understand why software testing is important, we need to correlate it with real world examples, which has caused serious issues in the past, a few examples include:
In October 2014, Flipkart an e-commerce in India company had an offer called the “Big Billion Sale.” When it was launched it had a lot of traffic and as a result, its website couldn’t handle the enormous load of traffic leading to the website downtime, cancellation of orders etc. The reputation of the organization was badly impacted by this issue.
In 2015, the Royal Bank of Scotland, due to a bug, couldn’t process about 600,000 payments. Because of this, they were fined 66 million pounds
Yahoo in September 2016, had a major data breach where 500 million users’ credentials got compromised.
To really understand why software testing is important, we need to correlate it with real world examples, which has caused serious issues in the past, a few examples include:
In October 2014, Flipkart an e-commerce in India company had an offer called the “Big Billion Sale.” When it was launched it had a lot of traffic and as a result, its website couldn’t handle the enormous load of traffic leading to the website downtime, cancellation of orders etc. The reputation of the organization was badly impacted by this issue.
In 2015, the Royal Bank of Scotland, due to a bug, couldn’t process about 600,000 payments. Because of this, they were fined 66 million pounds
Yahoo in September 2016, had a major data breach where 500 million users’ credentials got compromised.
Posted on: Software testing
Playlist : What Do You Mean By Software Testing?
Software testing is the process of finding errors in the developed product. It also checks whether the real outcomes can match expected results, as well as aids in the identification of defects, missing requirements, or gaps.
Testing is the penultimate step before the launch of the product to the market. It includes examination, analysis, observation, and evaluation of different aspects of a product.
Professional software testers use a combination of manual testing with automated tools. After conducting tests, the testers report the results to the development team. The end goal is to deliver a quality product to the customer, which is why software testing is so important.
Testing is the penultimate step before the launch of the product to the market. It includes examination, analysis, observation, and evaluation of different aspects of a product.
Professional software testers use a combination of manual testing with automated tools. After conducting tests, the testers report the results to the development team. The end goal is to deliver a quality product to the customer, which is why software testing is so important.
NAVIGATING CONTEXT
Posted on: #iteachmsu
Five-second testing%
In a five-second test, you present your users with a design and give them five seconds to look at it, then ask them questions. This method can be used to test landing page copy, UI content, and more. You’re testing to see if the information on your page can be quickly absorbed, perceived, or understood.
The questions you ask can range from broad, like “What do you think of the page?” or “What do you remember seeing?” to more specific ones, like “Which of the items are on sale?”.
It’s best to start the test with broad questions to get general feedback and thoughts from your participants, then asking more specific questions to see what information stuck with them.
Preference testing
Preference testing consists of showing research participants two to three versions of your design—in this case, with variations in the content—to get an idea of which they prefer and why. It can help you understand the user’s perception of your content, how it makes them thin
The questions you ask can range from broad, like “What do you think of the page?” or “What do you remember seeing?” to more specific ones, like “Which of the items are on sale?”.
It’s best to start the test with broad questions to get general feedback and thoughts from your participants, then asking more specific questions to see what information stuck with them.
Preference testing
Preference testing consists of showing research participants two to three versions of your design—in this case, with variations in the content—to get an idea of which they prefer and why. It can help you understand the user’s perception of your content, how it makes them thin
NAVIGATING CONTEXT
Posted on: #iteachmsu
Five-second testing%
In a five-second test, you present your users with a design and give them five seconds to look at it, then ask them questions. This method can be used to test landing page copy, UI content, and more. You’re testing to see if the information on your page can be quickly absorbed, perceived, or understood.
The questions you ask can range from broad, like “What do you think of the page?” or “What do you remember seeing?” to more specific ones, like “Which of the items are on sale?”.
It’s best to start the test with broad questions to get general feedback and thoughts from your participants, then asking more specific questions to see what information stuck with them.
Preference testing
Preference testing consists of showing research participants two to three versions of your design—in this case, with variations in the content—to get an idea of which they prefer and why. It can help you understand the user’s perception of your content, how it makes them thin
The questions you ask can range from broad, like “What do you think of the page?” or “What do you remember seeing?” to more specific ones, like “Which of the items are on sale?”.
It’s best to start the test with broad questions to get general feedback and thoughts from your participants, then asking more specific questions to see what information stuck with them.
Preference testing
Preference testing consists of showing research participants two to three versions of your design—in this case, with variations in the content—to get an idea of which they prefer and why. It can help you understand the user’s perception of your content, how it makes them thin
NAVIGATING CONTEXT
Posted on: #iteachmsu
qTest
qTest is a test management tool used for Project Management, Bug Tracking, and Test Management. It follows the centralized test management concept that helps to communicate easily and assists in rapid development of task across QA team and other stakeholders.
qTest is a cloud based tool and was developed by QASymphony. It supports all browsers especially Chrome, Firefox, IE, etc. and also supports different windows OS versions – Windows XP, Vista, 7, etc. QTest provides a 14-days trial period for Business email id with access to 4 users. qTest can be integrated with many other tools – JIRA, Bugzilla, FogBugz, Version One, etc.
qTest is a cloud based tool and was developed by QASymphony. It supports all browsers especially Chrome, Firefox, IE, etc. and also supports different windows OS versions – Windows XP, Vista, 7, etc. QTest provides a 14-days trial period for Business email id with access to 4 users. qTest can be integrated with many other tools – JIRA, Bugzilla, FogBugz, Version One, etc.
ASSESSING LEARNING
Posted on: #iteachmsu
Importance of Software Testing
It’s common for many startups to skip testing. They might say that their budget is the reason why they overlook such an important step. They think it would lead to no major consequences. But to make a strong and positive first impression, it needs to be top-notch. And for that, testing the product for bugs is a must.
Posted on: #iteachmsu
Best API Testing Tools for 2025 -- edited
Edited --- API testing is a procedure developers use to evaluate APIs' functionality, efficacy, and security. Before releasing their software, the results of API testing will inform developers if problem fixes and patches are required. They accomplish this through a simulation that entails sending queries that would reach the API when it is accessible to its users, regardless of whether it is authentic. They observe the API to determine how it will react to this volume of queries. If the results are positive, integrating the API is secure. If not, they will be required to fix it.
Choosing one of the best API testing tools is crucial to ensure your tests are successful and efficient. These tools are key for examining variables like scalability, convenience of use, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with your existing systems. It’s also important to evaluate the available resources for development and maintenance. Based on these criteria, you may select a tool that best suits your requirements and allows you to write thorough API tests.
Choosing one of the best API testing tools is crucial to ensure your tests are successful and efficient. These tools are key for examining variables like scalability, convenience of use, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with your existing systems. It’s also important to evaluate the available resources for development and maintenance. Based on these criteria, you may select a tool that best suits your requirements and allows you to write thorough API tests.
ASSESSING LEARNING
Posted on: #iteachmsu
Playlist: Importance of Software Testing ?
It’s common for many startups to skip testing. They might say that their budget is the reason why they overlook such an important step. They think it would lead to no major consequences. But to make a strong and positive first impression, it needs to be top-notch. And for that, testing the product for bugs is a must.
To really understand why software testing is important, we need to correlate it with real world examples, which has caused serious issues in the past, a few examples include:
In October 2014, Flipkart an e-commerce in India company had an offer called the “Big Billion Sale.” When it was launched it had a lot of traffic and as a result, its website couldn’t handle the enormous load of traffic leading to the website downtime, cancellation of orders etc. The reputation of the organization was badly impacted by this issue.
In 2015, the Royal Bank of Scotland, due to a bug, couldn’t process about 600,000 payments. Because of this, they were fined 66 million pounds
Yahoo in September 2016, had a major data breach where 500 million users’ credentials got compromised.
Recently, Okta, an American authentication firm, had a digital breach due to a software bug that may have affected their user’s details. This has also affected the reputation of Okta.
Similarly, established organizations need to maintain their client base and their impression. So they have to ensure the delivery of flawless products to the end-user. Let’s take a look at some points and see why software testing is vital to good software development.
To really understand why software testing is important, we need to correlate it with real world examples, which has caused serious issues in the past, a few examples include:
In October 2014, Flipkart an e-commerce in India company had an offer called the “Big Billion Sale.” When it was launched it had a lot of traffic and as a result, its website couldn’t handle the enormous load of traffic leading to the website downtime, cancellation of orders etc. The reputation of the organization was badly impacted by this issue.
In 2015, the Royal Bank of Scotland, due to a bug, couldn’t process about 600,000 payments. Because of this, they were fined 66 million pounds
Yahoo in September 2016, had a major data breach where 500 million users’ credentials got compromised.
Recently, Okta, an American authentication firm, had a digital breach due to a software bug that may have affected their user’s details. This has also affected the reputation of Okta.
Similarly, established organizations need to maintain their client base and their impression. So they have to ensure the delivery of flawless products to the end-user. Let’s take a look at some points and see why software testing is vital to good software development.
Posted on: #iteachmsu
What Is Big Data? and How Big Data Works?
Big data:Big data refers to the large, diverse sets of information that grow at ever-increasing rates. It encompasses the volume of information, the velocity or speed at which it is created and collected, and the variety or scope of the data points being covered (known as the "three v's" of big data).
Big data is a great quantity of diverse information that arrives in increasing volumes and with ever-higher velocity.
Big data can be structured (often numeric, easily formatted and stored) or unstructured (more free-form, less quantifiable).
Nearly every department in a company can utilize findings from big data analysis, but handling its clutter and noise can pose problems.
Big data can be collected from publicly shared comments on social networks and websites, voluntarily gathered from personal electronics and apps, through questionnaires, product purchases, and electronic check-ins.
Big data is most often stored in computer databases and is analyzed using software specifically designed to handle large, complex data sets.
How Big Data Works
Big data can be categorized as unstructured or structured. Structured data consists of information already managed by the organization in databases and spreadsheets; it is frequently numeric in nature. Unstructured data is information that is unorganized and does not fall into a predetermined model or format. It includes data gathered from social media sources, which help institutions gather information on customer needs.
Big data can be collected from publicly shared comments on social networks and websites, voluntarily gathered from personal electronics and apps, through questionnaires, product purchases, and electronic check-ins. The presence of sensors and other inputs in smart devices allows for data to be gathered across a broad spectrum of situations and circumstances.
Big data is a great quantity of diverse information that arrives in increasing volumes and with ever-higher velocity.
Big data can be structured (often numeric, easily formatted and stored) or unstructured (more free-form, less quantifiable).
Nearly every department in a company can utilize findings from big data analysis, but handling its clutter and noise can pose problems.
Big data can be collected from publicly shared comments on social networks and websites, voluntarily gathered from personal electronics and apps, through questionnaires, product purchases, and electronic check-ins.
Big data is most often stored in computer databases and is analyzed using software specifically designed to handle large, complex data sets.
How Big Data Works
Big data can be categorized as unstructured or structured. Structured data consists of information already managed by the organization in databases and spreadsheets; it is frequently numeric in nature. Unstructured data is information that is unorganized and does not fall into a predetermined model or format. It includes data gathered from social media sources, which help institutions gather information on customer needs.
Big data can be collected from publicly shared comments on social networks and websites, voluntarily gathered from personal electronics and apps, through questionnaires, product purchases, and electronic check-ins. The presence of sensors and other inputs in smart devices allows for data to be gathered across a broad spectrum of situations and circumstances.
Authored by: Rupali
Posted on: #iteachmsu
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Does this test have other names?
ESR, sed rate
What is this test?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test. It measures how quickly erythrocytes, or red blood cells, separate from a blood sample that has been treated so the blood will not clot. During this test, a small amount of your blood will be put in an upright tube. A lab specialist will measure the rate that your red blood cells settle toward the bottom of the tube after 1 hour.
If you have a condition that causes inflammation or cell damage, your red blood cells tend to clump together. This makes them heavier, so they settle faster. The faster your red blood cells settle and fall, the higher your ESR. A high ESR tells your healthcare provider that you may have an active disease process in your body.
Why do I need this test?
You may need this test if you have symptoms of one of the diseases that may cause ESR to go up.
You may also need this test if you have already been diagnosed with a disease that causes a high ESR. The test can allow your healthcare provider to see how well you are responding to treatment.
The ESR blood test is most useful for diagnosing or monitoring diseases that cause pain and swelling from inflammation. Other symptoms may include fever and weight loss. These diseases include:
Temporal arteritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Polymyalgia rheumatica
ESR is not used as a screening test in people who do not have symptoms or to diagnose disease because many conditions can cause it to increase. It might also go up in many normal cases. ESR doesn't tell your healthcare provider whether you have a specific disease. It only suggests that you may have an active disease process in your body.
What other tests might I have along with this test?
You may have other tests if your healthcare provider is doing this test to diagnose a disease. One of these tests is called a C-reactive protein test, or CRP. This test also measures active inflammation in the body.
Your healthcare provider may do an ESR alone if they are monitoring a disease you already have.
Because ESR tells your healthcare provider only what is happening right now, you may need to have the test repeated over time.
What do my test results mean?
Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, and other things. Your test results may be different depending on the lab used. They may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you.
ESR is measured in millimeters per hour (mm/hr). The normal values are:
0 to 15 mm/hr in men
0 to 20 mm/hr in women
ESR above 100 mm/h is most likely caused by an active disease. For instance, you may have:
A disease that causes inflammation in your body
An active infection
Cancer
Heart disease
Kidney disease
Blood disease
Diabetes
Collagen vascular disease
How is this test done?
The test is done with a blood sample. A needle is used to draw blood from a vein in your arm or hand.
Does this test pose any risks?
Having a blood test with a needle carries some risks. These include bleeding, infection, bruising, and feeling lightheaded. When the needle pricks your arm or hand, you may feel a slight sting or pain. Afterward, the site may be sore.
What might affect my test results?
Many things that are not active diseases can increase your ESR. These include:
Pregnancy
Old age
Being female
Having a menstrual period
Having recently eaten a fatty meal
Being obese
Taking certain medicines
How do I get ready for this test?
You don't need to prepare for this test. Be sure your healthcare provider knows about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don't need a prescription and any illegal drugs you may use. Tell your healthcare provider if you ate a fatty meal recently, if you are having your period, or if you may be pregnant.
Medical Reviewers:
Chad Haldeman-Englert MD
Raymond Turley Jr PA-C
Tara Novick BSN MSN
ESR, sed rate
What is this test?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test. It measures how quickly erythrocytes, or red blood cells, separate from a blood sample that has been treated so the blood will not clot. During this test, a small amount of your blood will be put in an upright tube. A lab specialist will measure the rate that your red blood cells settle toward the bottom of the tube after 1 hour.
If you have a condition that causes inflammation or cell damage, your red blood cells tend to clump together. This makes them heavier, so they settle faster. The faster your red blood cells settle and fall, the higher your ESR. A high ESR tells your healthcare provider that you may have an active disease process in your body.
Why do I need this test?
You may need this test if you have symptoms of one of the diseases that may cause ESR to go up.
You may also need this test if you have already been diagnosed with a disease that causes a high ESR. The test can allow your healthcare provider to see how well you are responding to treatment.
The ESR blood test is most useful for diagnosing or monitoring diseases that cause pain and swelling from inflammation. Other symptoms may include fever and weight loss. These diseases include:
Temporal arteritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Polymyalgia rheumatica
ESR is not used as a screening test in people who do not have symptoms or to diagnose disease because many conditions can cause it to increase. It might also go up in many normal cases. ESR doesn't tell your healthcare provider whether you have a specific disease. It only suggests that you may have an active disease process in your body.
What other tests might I have along with this test?
You may have other tests if your healthcare provider is doing this test to diagnose a disease. One of these tests is called a C-reactive protein test, or CRP. This test also measures active inflammation in the body.
Your healthcare provider may do an ESR alone if they are monitoring a disease you already have.
Because ESR tells your healthcare provider only what is happening right now, you may need to have the test repeated over time.
What do my test results mean?
Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, and other things. Your test results may be different depending on the lab used. They may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you.
ESR is measured in millimeters per hour (mm/hr). The normal values are:
0 to 15 mm/hr in men
0 to 20 mm/hr in women
ESR above 100 mm/h is most likely caused by an active disease. For instance, you may have:
A disease that causes inflammation in your body
An active infection
Cancer
Heart disease
Kidney disease
Blood disease
Diabetes
Collagen vascular disease
How is this test done?
The test is done with a blood sample. A needle is used to draw blood from a vein in your arm or hand.
Does this test pose any risks?
Having a blood test with a needle carries some risks. These include bleeding, infection, bruising, and feeling lightheaded. When the needle pricks your arm or hand, you may feel a slight sting or pain. Afterward, the site may be sore.
What might affect my test results?
Many things that are not active diseases can increase your ESR. These include:
Pregnancy
Old age
Being female
Having a menstrual period
Having recently eaten a fatty meal
Being obese
Taking certain medicines
How do I get ready for this test?
You don't need to prepare for this test. Be sure your healthcare provider knows about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don't need a prescription and any illegal drugs you may use. Tell your healthcare provider if you ate a fatty meal recently, if you are having your period, or if you may be pregnant.
Medical Reviewers:
Chad Haldeman-Englert MD
Raymond Turley Jr PA-C
Tara Novick BSN MSN
Posted by: Chathuri Super admin..
Disciplinary Content
Posted on: #iteachmsu
Full blood counts -- New
Department of Haematology
Notes
Full blood counts are performed on automated equipment and provide haemoglobin concentration, red cell indices, white cell count (with a differential count) and platelet count.
The presence of abnormal white cell and red cell morphology is flagged by the analysers.
Blood films may be inspected to confirm and interpret abnormalities identified by the cell counter, or to look for certain specific haematological abnormalities.
Grossly abnormal FBC results and abnormal blood films will be phoned through to the requestor.
There is no need to request a blood film to obtain a differential white count. It is, however, important that clinical details are provided to allow the laboratory to decide whether a blood film, in addition to the automated analysis, is required.
Under some circumstances a differential is not routinely performed, e.g. pre-op, post-op, antenatal and postnatal requests.
Full Blood Counts are performed at CGH and GRH
See also: Reticulocyte Count
The FBC comprises the following tests
Standard
Haemoglobin (Hb)
White Blood Count (WBC)
Platelet Count (Plt)
Red Cell Count (RBC)
Haematocrit (HCT)
Mean Cell Volume - Red cell (MCV)
Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH)
Differential White Cell Count (where applicable)
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
And if appropriate
Blood Film
Sample Requirements
2ml or 4ml EDTA sample or a Paediatric 1ml EDTA sample.
Sample Storage and Retention
Pre analysis storage: do not store, send to laboratory within 4 hours.
Sample retention by lab: EDTA samples are retained for a minimum of 48 hours at 2-10°C
Transport of samples may affect sample viability, i.e. FBC results will degenerate if exposed to high temperatures, such as prolonged transportation in a hot car in summer.
This test can be added on to a previous request as long as there is sufficient sample remaining and the sample is less than 24 hours old.
Turnaround Times
Clinical emergency: 30 mins
Other urgent sample: 60 mins
Routine: within 2 hours
Reference Ranges
If references ranges are required for paediatric patients please contact the laboratory for these.
Parameter Patient Reference Range Units Haemoglobin Adult Male 130 - 180 g/L Adult Female 115 - 165 g/L Red Cell Count Adult Male 4.50 - 6.50 x10^12/L Adult Female 3.80 - 5.80 x10^12/L Haematocrit Adult Male 0.40 - 0.54 L/L Adult Female 0.37 - 0.47 L/L Mean Cell Volume Adult 80 - 100 fL Mean Cell Haemoglobin Adult 27 - 32 pg White Cell Count Adult 3.6 - 11.0 x10^9/L Neutrophils Adult 1.8 - 7.5 x10^9/L Lymphocytes Adult 1.0 - 4.0 x10^9/L Monocytes Adult 0.2 - 0.8 x10^9/L Eosinophils Adult 0.1 - 0.4 x10^9/L Basophils Adult 0.02 - 0.10 x10^9/L Platelet Count Adult 140 - 400 x10^9/L
Notes
Full blood counts are performed on automated equipment and provide haemoglobin concentration, red cell indices, white cell count (with a differential count) and platelet count.
The presence of abnormal white cell and red cell morphology is flagged by the analysers.
Blood films may be inspected to confirm and interpret abnormalities identified by the cell counter, or to look for certain specific haematological abnormalities.
Grossly abnormal FBC results and abnormal blood films will be phoned through to the requestor.
There is no need to request a blood film to obtain a differential white count. It is, however, important that clinical details are provided to allow the laboratory to decide whether a blood film, in addition to the automated analysis, is required.
Under some circumstances a differential is not routinely performed, e.g. pre-op, post-op, antenatal and postnatal requests.
Full Blood Counts are performed at CGH and GRH
See also: Reticulocyte Count
The FBC comprises the following tests
Standard
Haemoglobin (Hb)
White Blood Count (WBC)
Platelet Count (Plt)
Red Cell Count (RBC)
Haematocrit (HCT)
Mean Cell Volume - Red cell (MCV)
Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH)
Differential White Cell Count (where applicable)
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
And if appropriate
Blood Film
Sample Requirements
2ml or 4ml EDTA sample or a Paediatric 1ml EDTA sample.
Sample Storage and Retention
Pre analysis storage: do not store, send to laboratory within 4 hours.
Sample retention by lab: EDTA samples are retained for a minimum of 48 hours at 2-10°C
Transport of samples may affect sample viability, i.e. FBC results will degenerate if exposed to high temperatures, such as prolonged transportation in a hot car in summer.
This test can be added on to a previous request as long as there is sufficient sample remaining and the sample is less than 24 hours old.
Turnaround Times
Clinical emergency: 30 mins
Other urgent sample: 60 mins
Routine: within 2 hours
Reference Ranges
If references ranges are required for paediatric patients please contact the laboratory for these.
Parameter Patient Reference Range Units Haemoglobin Adult Male 130 - 180 g/L Adult Female 115 - 165 g/L Red Cell Count Adult Male 4.50 - 6.50 x10^12/L Adult Female 3.80 - 5.80 x10^12/L Haematocrit Adult Male 0.40 - 0.54 L/L Adult Female 0.37 - 0.47 L/L Mean Cell Volume Adult 80 - 100 fL Mean Cell Haemoglobin Adult 27 - 32 pg White Cell Count Adult 3.6 - 11.0 x10^9/L Neutrophils Adult 1.8 - 7.5 x10^9/L Lymphocytes Adult 1.0 - 4.0 x10^9/L Monocytes Adult 0.2 - 0.8 x10^9/L Eosinophils Adult 0.1 - 0.4 x10^9/L Basophils Adult 0.02 - 0.10 x10^9/L Platelet Count Adult 140 - 400 x10^9/L
Authored by: Vijaya
Disciplinary Content
Posted on: #iteachmsu
Full blood count
Department of Haematology
Notes
Full blood counts are performed on automated equipment and provide haemoglobin concentration, red cell indices, white cell count (with a differential count) and platelet count.
The presence of abnormal white cell and red cell morphology is flagged by the analysers.
Blood films may be inspected to confirm and interpret abnormalities identified by the cell counter, or to look for certain specific haematological abnormalities.
Grossly abnormal FBC results and abnormal blood films will be phoned through to the requestor.
There is no need to request a blood film to obtain a differential white count. It is, however, important that clinical details are provided to allow the laboratory to decide whether a blood film, in addition to the automated analysis, is required.
Under some circumstances a differential is not routinely performed, e.g. pre-op, post-op, antenatal and postnatal requests.
Full Blood Counts are performed at CGH and GRH
See also: Reticulocyte Count
The FBC comprises the following tests
Standard
Haemoglobin (Hb)
White Blood Count (WBC)
Platelet Count (Plt)
Red Cell Count (RBC)
Haematocrit (HCT)
Mean Cell Volume - Red cell (MCV)
Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH)
Differential White Cell Count (where applicable)
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
And if appropriate
Blood Film
Sample Requirements
2ml or 4ml EDTA sample or a Paediatric 1ml EDTA sample.
Sample Storage and Retention
Pre analysis storage: do not store, send to laboratory within 4 hours.
Sample retention by lab: EDTA samples are retained for a minimum of 48 hours at 2-10°C
Transport of samples may affect sample viability, i.e. FBC results will degenerate if exposed to high temperatures, such as prolonged transportation in a hot car in summer.
This test can be added on to a previous request as long as there is sufficient sample remaining and the sample is less than 24 hours old.
Turnaround Times
Clinical emergency: 30 mins
Other urgent sample: 60 mins
Routine: within 2 hours
Reference Ranges
If references ranges are required for paediatric patients please contact the laboratory for these.
Parameter Patient Reference Range Units Haemoglobin Adult Male 130 - 180 g/L Adult Female 115 - 165 g/L Red Cell Count Adult Male 4.50 - 6.50 x10^12/L Adult Female 3.80 - 5.80 x10^12/L Haematocrit Adult Male 0.40 - 0.54 L/L Adult Female 0.37 - 0.47 L/L Mean Cell Volume Adult 80 - 100 fL Mean Cell Haemoglobin Adult 27 - 32 pg White Cell Count Adult 3.6 - 11.0 x10^9/L Neutrophils Adult 1.8 - 7.5 x10^9/L Lymphocytes Adult 1.0 - 4.0 x10^9/L Monocytes Adult 0.2 - 0.8 x10^9/L Eosinophils Adult 0.1 - 0.4 x10^9/L Basophils Adult 0.02 - 0.10 x10^9/L Platelet Count Adult 140 - 400 x10^9/L
Notes
Full blood counts are performed on automated equipment and provide haemoglobin concentration, red cell indices, white cell count (with a differential count) and platelet count.
The presence of abnormal white cell and red cell morphology is flagged by the analysers.
Blood films may be inspected to confirm and interpret abnormalities identified by the cell counter, or to look for certain specific haematological abnormalities.
Grossly abnormal FBC results and abnormal blood films will be phoned through to the requestor.
There is no need to request a blood film to obtain a differential white count. It is, however, important that clinical details are provided to allow the laboratory to decide whether a blood film, in addition to the automated analysis, is required.
Under some circumstances a differential is not routinely performed, e.g. pre-op, post-op, antenatal and postnatal requests.
Full Blood Counts are performed at CGH and GRH
See also: Reticulocyte Count
The FBC comprises the following tests
Standard
Haemoglobin (Hb)
White Blood Count (WBC)
Platelet Count (Plt)
Red Cell Count (RBC)
Haematocrit (HCT)
Mean Cell Volume - Red cell (MCV)
Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH)
Differential White Cell Count (where applicable)
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
And if appropriate
Blood Film
Sample Requirements
2ml or 4ml EDTA sample or a Paediatric 1ml EDTA sample.
Sample Storage and Retention
Pre analysis storage: do not store, send to laboratory within 4 hours.
Sample retention by lab: EDTA samples are retained for a minimum of 48 hours at 2-10°C
Transport of samples may affect sample viability, i.e. FBC results will degenerate if exposed to high temperatures, such as prolonged transportation in a hot car in summer.
This test can be added on to a previous request as long as there is sufficient sample remaining and the sample is less than 24 hours old.
Turnaround Times
Clinical emergency: 30 mins
Other urgent sample: 60 mins
Routine: within 2 hours
Reference Ranges
If references ranges are required for paediatric patients please contact the laboratory for these.
Parameter Patient Reference Range Units Haemoglobin Adult Male 130 - 180 g/L Adult Female 115 - 165 g/L Red Cell Count Adult Male 4.50 - 6.50 x10^12/L Adult Female 3.80 - 5.80 x10^12/L Haematocrit Adult Male 0.40 - 0.54 L/L Adult Female 0.37 - 0.47 L/L Mean Cell Volume Adult 80 - 100 fL Mean Cell Haemoglobin Adult 27 - 32 pg White Cell Count Adult 3.6 - 11.0 x10^9/L Neutrophils Adult 1.8 - 7.5 x10^9/L Lymphocytes Adult 1.0 - 4.0 x10^9/L Monocytes Adult 0.2 - 0.8 x10^9/L Eosinophils Adult 0.1 - 0.4 x10^9/L Basophils Adult 0.02 - 0.10 x10^9/L Platelet Count Adult 140 - 400 x10^9/L
Authored by: Vijaya
Posted on: #iteachmsu
Department of Haematology
Department of Haematology
Notes
Full blood counts are performed on automated equipment and provide haemoglobin concentration, red cell indices, white cell count (with a differential count) and platelet count.
The presence of abnormal white cell and red cell morphology is flagged by the analysers.
Blood films may be inspected to confirm and interpret abnormalities identified by the cell counter, or to look for certain specific haematological abnormalities.
Grossly abnormal FBC results and abnormal blood films will be phoned through to the requestor.
There is no need to request a blood film to obtain a differential white count. It is, however, important that clinical details are provided to allow the laboratory to decide whether a blood film, in addition to the automated analysis, is required.
Under some circumstances a differential is not routinely performed, e.g. pre-op, post-op, antenatal and postnatal requests.
Full Blood Counts are performed at CGH and GRH
See also: Reticulocyte Count
The FBC comprises the following tests
Standard
Haemoglobin (Hb)
White Blood Count (WBC)
Platelet Count (Plt)
Red Cell Count (RBC)
Haematocrit (HCT)
Mean Cell Volume - Red cell (MCV)
Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH)
Differential White Cell Count (where applicable)
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
And if appropriate
Blood Film
Sample Requirements
2ml or 4ml EDTA sample or a Paediatric 1ml EDTA sample.
Sample Storage and Retention
Pre analysis storage: do not store, send to laboratory within 4 hours.
Sample retention by lab: EDTA samples are retained for a minimum of 48 hours at 2-10°C
Transport of samples may affect sample viability, i.e. FBC results will degenerate if exposed to high temperatures, such as prolonged transportation in a hot car in summer.
This test can be added on to a previous request as long as there is sufficient sample remaining and the sample is less than 24 hours old.
Turnaround Times
Clinical emergency: 30 mins
Other urgent sample: 60 mins
Routine: within 2 hours
Reference Ranges
If references ranges are required for paediatric patients please contact the laboratory for these.
Parameter Patient Reference Range Units Haemoglobin Adult Male 130 - 180 g/L Adult Female 115 - 165 g/L Red Cell Count Adult Male 4.50 - 6.50 x10^12/L Adult Female 3.80 - 5.80 x10^12/L Haematocrit Adult Male 0.40 - 0.54 L/L Adult Female 0.37 - 0.47 L/L Mean Cell Volume Adult 80 - 100 fL Mean Cell Haemoglobin Adult 27 - 32 pg White Cell Count Adult 3.6 - 11.0 x10^9/L Neutrophils Adult 1.8 - 7.5 x10^9/L Lymphocytes Adult 1.0 - 4.0 x10^9/L Monocytes Adult 0.2 - 0.8 x10^9/L Eosinophils Adult 0.1 - 0.4 x10^9/L Basophils Adult 0.02 - 0.10 x10^9/L Platelet Count Adult 140 - 400 x10^9/L
Notes
Full blood counts are performed on automated equipment and provide haemoglobin concentration, red cell indices, white cell count (with a differential count) and platelet count.
The presence of abnormal white cell and red cell morphology is flagged by the analysers.
Blood films may be inspected to confirm and interpret abnormalities identified by the cell counter, or to look for certain specific haematological abnormalities.
Grossly abnormal FBC results and abnormal blood films will be phoned through to the requestor.
There is no need to request a blood film to obtain a differential white count. It is, however, important that clinical details are provided to allow the laboratory to decide whether a blood film, in addition to the automated analysis, is required.
Under some circumstances a differential is not routinely performed, e.g. pre-op, post-op, antenatal and postnatal requests.
Full Blood Counts are performed at CGH and GRH
See also: Reticulocyte Count
The FBC comprises the following tests
Standard
Haemoglobin (Hb)
White Blood Count (WBC)
Platelet Count (Plt)
Red Cell Count (RBC)
Haematocrit (HCT)
Mean Cell Volume - Red cell (MCV)
Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH)
Differential White Cell Count (where applicable)
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
And if appropriate
Blood Film
Sample Requirements
2ml or 4ml EDTA sample or a Paediatric 1ml EDTA sample.
Sample Storage and Retention
Pre analysis storage: do not store, send to laboratory within 4 hours.
Sample retention by lab: EDTA samples are retained for a minimum of 48 hours at 2-10°C
Transport of samples may affect sample viability, i.e. FBC results will degenerate if exposed to high temperatures, such as prolonged transportation in a hot car in summer.
This test can be added on to a previous request as long as there is sufficient sample remaining and the sample is less than 24 hours old.
Turnaround Times
Clinical emergency: 30 mins
Other urgent sample: 60 mins
Routine: within 2 hours
Reference Ranges
If references ranges are required for paediatric patients please contact the laboratory for these.
Parameter Patient Reference Range Units Haemoglobin Adult Male 130 - 180 g/L Adult Female 115 - 165 g/L Red Cell Count Adult Male 4.50 - 6.50 x10^12/L Adult Female 3.80 - 5.80 x10^12/L Haematocrit Adult Male 0.40 - 0.54 L/L Adult Female 0.37 - 0.47 L/L Mean Cell Volume Adult 80 - 100 fL Mean Cell Haemoglobin Adult 27 - 32 pg White Cell Count Adult 3.6 - 11.0 x10^9/L Neutrophils Adult 1.8 - 7.5 x10^9/L Lymphocytes Adult 1.0 - 4.0 x10^9/L Monocytes Adult 0.2 - 0.8 x10^9/L Eosinophils Adult 0.1 - 0.4 x10^9/L Basophils Adult 0.02 - 0.10 x10^9/L Platelet Count Adult 140 - 400 x10^9/L
Posted by: Super Admin
Posted on: #iteachmsu
India vs England, LIVE Cricket Score Updates, 2nd Test Match Day 1 at Lord’s: Rain delays toss, pitches still under cover
Live Cricket Score Updates, India vs England: Rain has delayed the toss as Virat Kohli-led India eye redemption against England in the second Test of their five-match series at Lord’s on Thursday.
Live Updates: The toss was delayed due to rain as India face England in the second Test at Lord’s. The visitors trail 1-0 after they were beaten in the first encounter at Edgbaston and Virat Kohli & Co will look to produce a better show on a ground where they have won just 2 out of their last 17 Test matches. Kohli will be banking on his top-order batsmen to fire after a disappointing show in the first Test and the visitors can opt for a second spin option in Kuldeep Yadav. For England, Ollie Pope will be making his debut with Moeen Ali possibly playing alongside Adil Rashid in the spin department.
Live Updates: The toss was delayed due to rain as India face England in the second Test at Lord’s. The visitors trail 1-0 after they were beaten in the first encounter at Edgbaston and Virat Kohli & Co will look to produce a better show on a ground where they have won just 2 out of their last 17 Test matches. Kohli will be banking on his top-order batsmen to fire after a disappointing show in the first Test and the visitors can opt for a second spin option in Kuldeep Yadav. For England, Ollie Pope will be making his debut with Moeen Ali possibly playing alongside Adil Rashid in the spin department.
Posted by: Chathuri Super admin..
Navigating Context
Posted on: #iteachmsu
What is Lorem Ipsum?
What is Lorem Ipsum?
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Why do we use it?
It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).
Table one
sample
Assignee
Test 1
TEst 2
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Why do we use it?
It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).
Table one
sample
Assignee
Test 1
TEst 2
Authored by: article 5
Disciplinary Content
Posted on: #iteachmsu
What is Lorem Ipsum?
What is Lorem Ipsum?
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Why do we use it?
It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).
chat
assignee
time
test 1
Vedio :
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Why do we use it?
It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).
chat
assignee
time
test 1
Vedio :
Authored by: Article 6
Posted on: #iteachmsu
![Article preview image]()
Big data is a collection of large datasets that cannot be processed using traditional computing techniques. Testing of these datasets involves various tools, techniques and frameworks to process. Big data relates to data creation, storage, retrieval and analysis that is remarkable in terms of volume, variety, and velocity. You can learn more about Big Data, Hadoop and Mapreduce here In this tutorial we will learn, Testing Big Data application is more a verification of its data processing rather than testing the individual features of the software product. When it comes to Big data testing, performance and functional testing are the key. In Big data testing QA engineers verify the successful processing of terabytes of data using commodity cluster and other supportive components. It demands a high level of testing skills as the processing is very fast. Processing may be of three types Along with this, data quality is also an important factor in big data testing. Before testing the application, it is necessary to check the quality of data and should be considered as a part of database testing. It involves checking various characteristics like conformity, accuracy, duplication, consistency, validity, data completeness, etc.
Posted by: E3 PGA
Posted on: Group 2
Websites: A homework website that provides assignments for the week is very helpful to
parents and guardians of students with ADHD. Class news regarding projects and the
week’s instructional topics can also be posted.
parents and guardians of students with ADHD. Class news regarding projects and the
week’s instructional topics can also be posted.
Posted by: Vijayalaxmi Vishavnathkam Santosh Mali
Posted on: #iteachmsu
It is recommended that rising educators visit the same learning environment (and not their own classrooms where they are students) as observers at least two times for at least 40 minutes per visit. These observations will form the source material for demonstrating what the rising educator learned about classroom culture in the micro-credential submission.
Posted by: Greg Thomsan
Assessing Learning
Posted on: #iteachmsu
HPB | Live updates on New Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreakwww.hpb.health.gov.lk
Official LIVE updates and the latest news from the Sri Lankan Government on the Coronavirus outbreak, and basic protective measures against the new virus.
Official LIVE updates and the latest news from the Sri Lankan Government on the Coronavirus outbreak, and basic protective measures against the new virus.
Posted by: Chathuri Hewapathirana
Navigating Context
Posted on: #iteachmsu
accessibility test : reference tool : https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/axe-web-accessibility-tes/lhdoppojpmngadmnindnejefpokejbdd
Posted by: Roni Smith
Posted on: #iteachmsu
https://iteach-testing.venturit.org/home/home_feed
Posted by: Chathuri Super admin..
Disciplinary Content
Posted on: #iteachmsu
![Article preview image]()
The total population in India was estimated at 1283.6 million people in 2017, according to the latest census figures. Looking back, in the year of 1950, India had a population of 359.0 million people.
Posted by: Chathuri Super admin..
Navigating Context
Posted on: #iteachmsu
Classmates are not the only potential source of social anxiety, however; the judgment of the teacher can discourage students from participating in discussion as well. Though evaluating student responses and providing feedback is a regular function performed by the teacher, these two actions can quickly shut down the development of new ideas. Fruitful discussion occurs when students are encouraged to explore their thinking rather than striving to obtain the right answer. It is best for the teacher to avoid evaluative responses
Posted by: Chathuri Hewapathirana
Disciplinary Content
Host: MSU Libraries
Data Management Plans: Yes, you need one and here is how to create them
An overview of why data management plans are important and often required, and how to develop one. We will look at the items commonly included in all data management plans regardless of agency/institutional requirements, some examples of specific funding agency templates and review what resources are available to help you draft your plan.
Navigating Context
Host: MSU Libraries
Intro to VR @DSL: Drop-in Session
Curious About Virtual Reality?
Whether you're completely new to VR or already exploring it for research, storytelling, gaming, art, or education our Drop-in VR sessions are for you! Stop by the Digital Scholarship Lab to try out one of our HTC Vive XR Elite headsets, get hands-on experience and learn about our VR Headset Loan Program.
Intro to VR @ DSL is here to help you explore the possibilities of Virtual Reality, whether you're looking to:
- Experience immersive gameplay: for fun, fitness, storytelling, or team-building
- Create in 3D: With sculpting, painting, designing and more
- Explore the world: travel virtually to natural landscapes, historical sites, landmarks and more
- Try a simulated experience: from floating in space to riding a roller coaster, even performing surgery
No experience is needed, just bring your curiosity and dive in!
Drop-In VR Sessions
Sept 10th, Sept 24th, Oct 29th, & Nov 19th
From 4:00 PM – 7:00 PM
For parking information visit http://maps.msu.edu/interactive.
If you have questions about accessibility or need to request accommodations, please email lib.dl.accessibility@msu.edu.
Navigating Context
Host: MSU Libraries
Intro to Anatomage @ DSL: Drop-In Session
Come learn about the Anatomage Table! The Anatomage Table is the only fully segmented real human 3D anatomy platform, and you can drop in to check out, test it out, and think about how you can use it for your curriculum, courses, research support, and to enhance the student experience.
Navigating Context
Host: MSU Libraries
Zotero Workshop (Online)
An introduction to the free open source citation management program Zotero. In this workshop, participants will learn how to:
Download references from MSU's article databases and websites
Format citations and bibliographies in a Word document
Create groups and share references with other users
Registration for this event is required.
You will receive a link to join a Zoom meeting before the workshop. Please install the Zotero software and Zotero browser connector on your computer before the session begins. More information is available from https://libguides.lib.msu.edu/zotero/setup.
Questions or need more information? Contact the MSU Libraries Zotero training team at lib.dl.zotero@msu.edu.
To schedule a separate session for your class or research group, please contact the Zotero team at lib.dl.zotero@msu.edu.
Navigating Context
Host: MSU Libraries
Intro to VR @ DSL: Drop-in Session
Curious About Virtual Reality?
Whether you're completely new to VR or already exploring it for research, storytelling, gaming, art, or education our Drop-in VR sessions are for you! Stop by the Digital Scholarship Lab to try out one of our HTC Vive XR Elite headsets, get hands-on experience and learn about our VR Headset Loan Program.
Intro to VR @ DSL is here to help you explore the possibilities of Virtual Reality, whether you're looking to:
- Experience immersive gameplay: for fun, fitness, storytelling, or team-building
- Create in 3D: With sculpting, painting, designing and more
- Explore the world: travel virtually to natural landscapes, historical sites, landmarks and more
- Try a simulated experience: from floating in space to riding a roller coaster, even performing surgery
No experience is needed, just bring your curiosity and dive in!
Drop-In VR Sessions
Sept 10th, Sept 24th, Oct 29th, & Nov 19th
From 4:00 PM – 7:00 PM
For parking information visit http://maps.msu.edu/interactive.
If you have questions about accessibility or need to request accommodations, please email lib.dl.accessibility@msu.edu.
Navigating Context
EXPIRED
Host: MSU Libraries
Our Daily Work/Our Daily Lives
Our Daily Work/Our Daily Lives - Fall 2025 Brownbag Series
Micah Ling, MSU Traditional Arts Program - “Clad in the Working Class: Blue-Collar Style and American Folk Music”
American folk music is often the soundtrack of labor movements—the rallying cries and songs that tell the story of workers’ struggles. This talk explores the way that blue-collar attire is used by folk and roots musicians in the United States regardless of their own labor backgrounds to show solidarity, express identity, and connect with the histories of the music.
Join online here. The password is odwodl.
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Host: CTLI
No Surprises: Designing Assignments Students Understand
This workshop introduces the Transparency in Learning and Teaching (TILT) framework as a tool for designing clear, equity-minded assignments. Participants will explore how transparency supports student success, reduce confusion and grading time, and learn how to structure assignments using the Transparent Assignment Design (TAD) model. The session includes strategies to improve student motivation, performance, and clarity around expectations.
Upon completion of this learning experience, participants will be able to:
understand the history of the TILT and it’s related research findings
describe how the TAD framework relates to equitable learning
define transparent assignment design and its key elements (purpose, task, criteria)
apply TAD best practices
identify resources for implementing the TAD framework.
Navigating Context
EXPIRED
Host: MSU Libraries
Renaissances, Revivals, and Records
Throughout history, humans have been finding ways to revive, rebirth, and reconstruct their favorite artistic practices. Music has been one of the greatest playgrounds for these types of explorations. In acts that both pay homage to the past and push the craft forward, renaissances have revolved around time periods, genres, and even mediums. Join us for an interactive listening party where we take a closer look at some iconic musical revivals, ask how we got here, and wonder where we might go next.
Curated and hosted by: Lilly Korkontzelos, MSU Music Library Student Assistant and master’s student in Music Theory
Location: Music Library (4th Floor West)
Navigating Context
EXPIRED